What is PCI?
PCI, which stands for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, is a minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked coronary arteries. These arteries are responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. When plaque, made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, and other debris, accumulates within these arteries, it narrows the passageway, restricting blood flow. This restriction can lead to angina, a type of chest pain, or a heart attack if the blockage becomes severe.
How is PCI Performed?
The procedure itself is performed in a specialised cardiac catheterisation laboratory. A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or wrist, and guided to the blocked coronary artery. Once in place, a small balloon is inflated at the blockage site, compressing the plaque against the artery walls and widening the passageway.
Often, a small metal mesh tube called a stent is also deployed during PCI. The stent acts as a scaffold, keeping the artery open and preventing it from collapsing or re-narrowing. Stents can be bare metal or drug-eluting, meaning they release medication to further reduce the risk of re-blockage.
How Does PCI Prevent Heart Attacks?
By restoring blood flow to the heart muscle, PCI reduces the risk of damage caused by a lack of oxygen. When blood flow is restricted, the heart muscle can become starved of oxygen and begin to die. This is what happens during a heart attack. By opening the blocked artery, PCI can stop or minimise this damage.
PCI is particularly effective in treating acute heart attacks, where a blockage has occurred suddenly. In these situations, rapid intervention is crucial to minimise heart muscle damage. The quicker the blood flow is restored, the better the outcome.
However, PCI isn’t just for emergency situations. It can also be performed as a planned procedure to relieve angina symptoms and improve quality of life. For individuals with stable angina, PCI can reduce the frequency and severity of chest pain, allowing them to engage in activities they previously avoided.
PCI and Long-Term Heart Health
It’s important to note that PCI is not a cure for coronary artery disease. It addresses the immediate blockage but doesn’t prevent new plaque from forming. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking, are essential for long-term heart health.
Take Control of Your Heart Health
If you’re experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, or other symptoms of coronary artery disease, it’s crucial to seek medical attention immediately. A cardiologist can evaluate your condition and determine if PCI is an appropriate treatment option.
Taking proactive steps to manage your heart health can significantly reduce your risk of heart attacks and improve your overall well-being. If you’re concerned about blocked arteries or want to learn more about PCI, speak to a healthcare professional. They can provide personalised advice and guidance to help you make informed decisions about your heart health. Take control of your heart health today. Schedule a consultation with a cardiologist and explore your options.
